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booi aha
Booi Aha (Manchu: (''booi niyalma'') for male, (''booi hehe'') for female; Chinese transliteration: 包衣阿哈) is a Manchu word literally meaning "household person", referring to hereditarily servile people in the 17th century China. It is often directly translated as "bondservant", although sometimes also rendered as "slave" ("nucai").
==Concept of the Booi Aha==
Pamela Kyle Crossley wrote in her book ''Orphan Warriors'': "The Mongol is the slave of his sovereign. He is never free. His sovereign is his benefactor; (Mongol ) does not serve him for money." This Mongolian "traditional model of slave to owner" was taken up by the Manchu during the development of the Eight Banner military system.
Crossley gave as the definition of ''Manchu'': "A Manchu was, moreover, a man who used his skills exclusively to serve the sovereign....banners as institutions were derived from Turkic and Mongolian forms of military servitude, all enrolled under the banners considered themselves slaves of the emperor and called themselves so (''aha'', Chinese:奴才, pinyin:nucai) when addressing him...".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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